Forest and Forestry in Tanzania: Changes and Continuities in Policies and Practices From Colonial Times to the Present

Abstract

The forest sector has a very important role to play in Tanzania’s economy. Although in absolute terms, their contribution to total gross domestic product (GDP) is relatively low, the country’s forests contain such a high level of resources that make Tanzania one of the richest and most bio-diverse countries. Due to such importance, forestry has variably featured in Tanzanian policies from colonial times to the present. This paper, therefore, examines such policies relating to forests and forestry in Tanzania from colonial to recent times. It argues that, although there has been a change in the approach from a preservationist approach in the colonial and
postcolonial period towards a managerial/win-win approach in the current forest conservation, there is a resurgence of the preservationist tendency in
the focus on managing forest solely to increase carbon stocks. Drawing evidences from various existing policy documents and other literature, this paper concludes that forestry policies have been, and continue to reveal a notable protectionist and reservationist propensity while also expecting revenues from them through various forest products. These policies, to a ngreater extent, have throughout resulted into conflicts between both colonial and post-colonial states and local population who demands free access to the
forest resources for their survival.